INDIAN HISTORY-INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Indus valley Civilization

*Indus valley civilization was one of the world's firt great civilizations.It developed in the region of the Indus valley around 3000 BC.and lasted about 1500BC.

*In India sites first developed in the valley of RiverIndus. Since most of the sites of a common culture have been found in Indus Valley,Archaelogist have named this as the Indus valley civilization.It is also called the Harappan Civilization as the first site of this civIilization was discovered at harappa.


*Exisntance of the Indus valley civilization was accidently discovered by an employee of the Archaeological survey of India who was working in this region under supervision of Sir John Marshall.

*In 1921 ,Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni discovered the ruins of a city Harappa on the bank of Ravi river in Montgomery district of west Ppunjab(Now in Pakistan)

*The Indus valley people trade with other civilization ,Including Mesopotamia and along the Persian Gulf.

*The Indus valley civilization flourished between 2500 BC and 1500 BC.

*The Harappan people worshipped Mother Godess and Pashupati.They also believed in life after Death .

*The Harappan culture is the first known urban civilization of india.

*The term Nishka and Satamana in the vedic texts are taken to be names of coins.

*Aggriculture was the main occupation of Indus valley  people.

*The Harappan script was Pictograpic.

*Indus valley people had trade with Mesepotamia and Afganstan.

*Earliest clear evidence of the origin of the Stepwell at Mohan jo daro in Pakistan.

*The ruins of Harappa were first described in 1842 by Charles Masson.

*Charles Masson was the first europian to discover the ruins of Harappa near Sahiwal  in Punjab,now in Pakistan.

*Dholivira site was discovered in 1967-8 JP Joshi

List of indus valley sites

Alamgriphur             :Meerut,Uttar pradesh

Banawali                   :Hisar ,Haryana

Dholivira                   : Kutch ,Gujrat

Harappa                     :Sahiwal,Punjab(Pakistan)

Kalibangan                :Hanumangarh: Rajastan

Lothal                         :Ahmedabad,Gujrat

Mohen jo daro            :Larkana ,Sindh (Pakistan)


Rupar                          : Rupanagar ,Punjab

Surkotada                   :Kutch ,Gujrat

Harappan settlement &rivers

Lothal: Bhogava

Kalibangan:Ghaggar
Ropar:Sutlej
Harappa :Ravi
Mohenjo-dara:Indus